McDermaid, Karyn K. and Daniel C. Barnstable. 2001. Step-by-Step Guide to Conducting a Social Profile for Watershed Planning. Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. pp.13-19. http://www.watershedplanning.uiuc.edu/WatershedGuide.pdf

NOAA Coastal Services Center and the National Marine Protected Area Center. Social Science for Marine Protected Areas Web site and PDF file. http://www.csc.noaa.gov/mpass/tools_secondarydata.html and http://www.csc.noaa.gov/mpass/mpass.pdf

University of Wisconsin Extension. Target Audience Research Database. http://wateroutreach.uwex.edu/beps/TargetAudienceResearch.cfm

U.S. EPA Community, Culture, and the Environment: A Guide to Understanding a Sense of Place, 2002, (EPA 842-B-01-003), Office of Water, Washington, D.C. http://www.epa.gov/air/care/library/community_culture.pdf pg. 266

Focus Groups

Butler, Lorna M., Colette Dephelps, and Robert E. Hewell. Focus Groups: A Tool for Understanding Community Perceptions and Experiences. WREP128, Partnerships in Education and Research.
http://cru.cahe.wsu.edu/CEPublications/wrep0128/wrep0128.htm

NOAA Coastal Services Center and the National Marine Protected Area Center. Social Science for Marine Protected Areas Web site and PDF file. http://www.csc.noaa.gov/mpass/tools_focusgroups.html and http://www.csc.noaa.gov/mpass/mpass.pdf

Taylor-Powell, Ellen. (2002) Program Development and Evaluation, Focus Group Interviews, Quick Tips #5, University of Wisconsin-Extension, Madison, WI.
http://www.uwex.edu/ces/pdande/resources/pdf/Tipsheet5.pdf

Thompson, Molly & Elaine Andrews. (2000). USGS Focus Group Manual. Increasing Effectiveness of Regional Earth Science Education with Help from a Focus Group. University of Wisconsin - Environmental Resources Center. http://www.uwex.edu/erc/usgs1.html

Wilbur, Jack. 2006. Getting Your Feet Wet with Social Marketing. A Social Marketing Guide for Watershed Programs. Utah Department of Agriculture and Food, Salt Lake City, Utah, pp. 46-49.
http://ag.utah.gov/conservation/GettingYourFeetWet1.pdf

Informal Interviews with Key-Informants

NOAA Coastal Services Center and the National Marine Protected Area Center. Social Science for Marine Protected Areas Web site and PDF file. http://www.csc.noaa.gov/mpass/tools_focusgroups.html and http://www.csc.noaa.gov/mpass/mpass.pdf

University of Illinois Extension Service-Office of Program Planning and Assessment. Needs Assessment Techniques: Using Key Informant Interviews. http://ppa.aces.uiuc.edu/pdf_files/Informant1.PDF (key-informants)

Taylor-Powell, Ellen and Linda Camino. (2006) Program Development and Evaluation, Probing Questions in Interviews, Quick Tips #34, University of Wisconsin-Extension, Madison, WI.
http://www.uwex.edu/ces/pdande/resources/pdf/Tipsheet34.pdf

Observations

NOAA Coastal Services Center and the National Marine Protected Area Center. Social Science for Marine Protected Areas Web site and PDF file. http://www.csc.noaa.gov/mpass/tools_focusgroups.html and http://www.csc.noaa.gov/mpass/mpass.pdf

Participatory Action Research

Background references; Tools to be identified.

Green LW, George A, Daniel M, Frankish CJ, Herbert CP, Bowie WR, O'Neill M: Study of Participatory Research in Health Promotion: Review and Recommendations for the Development of Participatory Research in Health Promotion in Canada. Ottawa: Royal Society of Canada, 1995.

Israel, Barbara A., Amy J. Schulz, Edith A. Parker, and Adam B. Becker. (1998) Review of Community-Based Research: Assessing Partnership: Approaches to Improve Public Health. Annual Review of Public Health. 19:1178-180

History of CBPR: Principles, The Loka Institute.
(http://www.loka.org/cbpr.htm)

Pitz, D., Ballard, H. L., & Jones, E. T. (2005). Broadening Participation in Biological Monitoring: Guidelines for Scientists and Managers. Portland, OR: Institute for Culture and Ecology (IFCAE).
ParticipatoryMonitoringGuidelines-2005.pdf

Rapid Appraisal

Butler, Lorna M. The "Sondeo’" A Rapid Reconnaissance Approach for Situational Assessment. WREP127, Partnership in Education and Research.
http://cru.cahe.wsu.edu/CEPublications/wrep0127/wrep0127.html

NOAA Coastal Services Center and the National Marine Protected Area Center. Social Science for Marine Protected Areas Web site and PDF file. http://www.csc.noaa.gov/mpass/tools_focusgroups.html and http://www.csc.noaa.gov/mpass/mpass.pdf

U.S. EPA. (2002). Community, Culture, and the Environment: A Guide to Understanding a Sense of Place, (EPA 842-B-01-003), Office of Water, Washington, D.C. (The Tool Kit, pp. 41-211; Defining Community, pp. 56-57). Available online in PDF format at: http://www.epa.gov/air/care/library/community_culture.pdf

Andranovich, Greg and Robert E. Howell. Community Ventures: The Community Survey: A Tool for Participation and Fact-Finding.WREP 123. Partnership in Education and Research. http://cru.cahe.wsu.edu/CEPublications/wrep0132/wrep0132.html

McDermaid, Karyn K. and Daniel C. Barnstable. 2001. Step-by-Step Guide to Conducting a Social Profile for Watershed Planning. Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. pp.13-19. http://www.watershedplanning.uiuc.edu/WatershedGuide.pdf

NOAA Coastal Services Center and the National Marine Protected Area Center. Social Science for Marine Protected Areas Web site and PDF file. http://www.csc.noaa.gov/mpass/tools_focusgroups.html and http://www.csc.noaa.gov/mpass/mpass.pdf

Taylor-Powell, Ellen and Linda Camino. (2006) Program Development and Evaluation, Probing Questions in Interviews, Quick Tips #7, University of Wisconsin-Extension, Madison, WI.
http://www.uwex.edu/ces/pdande/resources/pdf/Tipsheet7.pdf

Wilbur, Jack. 2006. Getting Your Feet Wet with Social Marketing. A Social Marketing Guide for Watershed Programs. Utah Department of Agriculture and Food, Salt Lake City, Utah, pp. 36-45.
http://ag.utah.gov/conservation/GettingYourFeetWet1.pdf